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Monday, August 02, 2021

More RWA Controversy: Genocide and Book Awards

In May 2020 the RWA announced

the introduction of a brand-new award, The Vivian, named after RWA founder Vivian Stephens, whose trailblazing efforts created a more inclusive publishing landscape and helped bring romance novels to the masses.

The Board has also made the decision to retire the annual RITA Awards. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Rita Clay Estrada, RWA's first president, for honoring us the past 30 years as the award's namesake and for her service to RWA and romance authors everywhere.

In support of The Vivian, and guided by the principles of diversity, equity, inclusion, and access, the contest task force has been hard at work developing a contest that aligns with the Board's vision for RWA 2.0 (RWA)

So, what evidence did the contest results provide of RWA's progress with regards to diversity, equity, inclusion and access? Well, when the winners of the Vivians were announced on 31 July 2021 (RWA), they included, as the winner in the "Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements" category, At Love's Command by Karen Witemeyer. This meant that

A "romance" in which the "hero" commits genocide against Native Americans is honored with an award named after the pioneering Black woman founder of RWA. (Kymberlyn Reed)

Joanna Hart responded to the RWA announcement by asking

Mass graves of indigenous children discovered this year and yet you allowed this book to keep its nomination and win an award? How did RWA think this was ok? Why did RWA look the other way?

Jackie Barbosa stated that

This book should have been disqualified. It opens with the "hero" killing Lakota people. This is not a new start. It is not better. It may be worse, since at least that Nazi-hugging book a few years back didn't win.

As Courtney Milan pointed out, it's not as though the outcry should have come as a surprise to the organisers, since

people were *openly* talking about the genocide when this book finaled, and it still won, which tells me there are respected members of the community who were *chosen* as final round judges who specifically voted for this book."

Here's an example of part of that discussion, from April 2021, by London/L. Setterby

The screenshot includes a portion of the prologue, in which the protagonist himself labels the event he has participated in as a massacre. 

However, the way in which the massacre, and the protagonist's participation in it, are described seem designed to elicit sympathy for him and portray him as a sensitive, caring person placed in a situation which horrifies him but in which his actions are justified. For example, it is stated that his "parents and baby sister [were] murdered by a Comanche war party," and the impression is given that the Lakota must bear some responsibility for what occurred:

A Lakota dropped his blanket. Sun glinted off metal. A shot cracked.
Purgatory erupted.
"Charge!"
Matt voiced the shout, then signaled [...] his trumpeter to sound the advance.

Pamela Clare observed that

["Too many Americans don't know the story of Wounded Knee. It was an act of revenge for the Lakota victory against Custer. The soldiers stopped Si Tanka's band, demanded people's weapons, and when a Lakota man who couldn't hear refused to hand over his rifle, shots rang out. 1/ 


Young women w/ babies on their backs and children came out of hiding from the heap of bodies—and were shot or bayonetted. The soldiers took photos of themselves standing next to piles of corpses. THIS is the story of Wounded Knee, not the BS in this awful book." - Pamela Clare]

The framing of the participants' respective religious beliefs is also worth mentioning:

 
[a "Christian" book that romanticizes a white man who participated in a massacre of indigenous people and characterizes the Lakota as having "rebelled" instead of being murdered by Christians for practicing their own religious beliefs." (Cate Eland)]

It also seems relevant that author has the protagonist intervene (albeit unsuccessfully) during the action to  "get [...] kids out. Before it was too late" and shows him saving

a retreating trooper. Jonah Brooks, a buffalo soldier with the 10th Cavalry, had served with Matt on numerous reconnaissance missions when stealth had been required. He had a talent for making himself invisible and could hit a dime dead-center from five hundred yards. Too valuable an asset to lose in this mess. Plus, he was a friend.

These two rescue missions, and particularly the latter seem designed to forestall any accusations of racism. There is, after all, "a pervasive tradition of white people using their Black friends, family members, or associates as cover for racist statements or actions" (Tyler Parry, "A Brief History of the 'Black Friend'")

I have not read more than the beginning of the novel so I do not know if or how the events of the prologue are discussed later in the novel. However, it does appear that a massacre is being used primarily to provide a tragic back-story for a white protagonist given that the description of the novel begins

Haunted by the horrors of war, ex-cavalry officer Matthew Hanger leads a band of mercenaries known as Hanger's Horsemen who have become legends in 1890s Texas. They defend the innocent and obtain justice for the oppressed. (Amazon)

---Edited to add that LaQuette, the President of the RWA, issued a statement on 2 August stating:

Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements, as a subgenre of romance, requires a redemptive arc as a genre convention. Essentially, the character can’t be redeemed by human means; only through their spiritual/religious awakening can they find redemption for their moral failings and or crimes against humanity. According to its subgenre conventions, the book in question finaled and won for this category.
 
For our inaugural VIVIAN contest, we saw a diverse finalist class. We attribute this to a detailed rubric and required DEIA training implemented to make the contest equitable. As part of that training, VIVIAN judges were instructed (upon reading a contest entry) to report any perceived objectionable or harmful content to staff. RWA staff did not receive any complaints from the thirteen judges who read and scored the entry.
 
While encouraged by a diverse inaugural finalist class, we do recognize that we must continually analyze and refine our process to ward against perpetuating harm. We regret any harm experienced by the romance community. Our Vivian Task Force is now charged with assessing the overall effectiveness of the contest to include the contest process, rubric, and entry and judging guidelines.
It should be noted that although LaQuette states that Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements "requires a redemptive arc as a genre convention," that convention was not included in the basic definition provided by the RWA in The Vivian contest categories. There it says only that this category is for
Works in which spiritual beliefs are an inherent part of the love story, character growth or relationship development, and could not be removed without damaging the storyline. These novels may be set in the context of any religious or spiritual belief system of any culture. 

 The two statements are incompatible:

["The category purports to be for all faiths, but this description applies only to Christianity. Redemption is not a feature of all other faiths (in Judaism, we talk about atonement)" - Racheline Maltese]

Furthermore, the casual way in which "crimes against humanity" is slipped in to the phrase "moral failings and or crimes against humanity" seems to suggest that crimes against humanity are a common feature of Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements. Certainly, it suggests that committing such crimes should not be seen as an impediment to being rewarded with a happy-ever-after-romantic-union-with-a-beloved.

['When your org starts claiming a lead character’s “crimes against humanity” are ESSENTIAL TO THE SUBGENRE it is time for folks to abandon the racist sinking ship.

This statement. As though we secular readers don’t understand what a redemption arc is.' - Olivia Waite]

And on the topic of romance "genre conventions," the fact that readers and authors have tended to refer to romance protagonists as "heroes" and "heroines" is an indication that, to the contrary, there has, in fact, been an extremely strong "genre convention" that protagonists should be admirable. I acknowledge that there are exceptions, but crimes against humanity goes far, far beyond the worst flaws protagonists might be expected to have.

Finally, that thirteen judges found nothing problematic about the book, far from providing an answer to concerns about the novel, simply increases concern about the judging process.

---Edited again to add that there have been some more comments about the judging process.

['As a judge (though not of that book) my issue was there WAS no clear way to report offensive material. Not on the rubric. The only option made available to us was to email the coordinator directly & ask to have the story reassigned if we were "uncomfortable judging the material."' - Jen Comfort/Kitt Masters]

and

['as a judge for the category, I find it rich that they pin the blame there alone. People vocally complained. The system still lacked nuance and allowed for stuff like this with the design.' - Courtney Austen]

Moreover, with regards to the "redemptive arc", Susannah Erwin has more screenshots and descriptions which cast doubt on what, precisely, is "redeemed" in this novel. Here's part of her summary:

['In the end, he marries Dr. Joe & agrees to work for her father, the premier supplier of horses to the US Calvary — the exact same unit he quit supposedly in remorse. Yet his redemption arc ends with him actively supplying the Army with horses to ”protect settlers from…Indians.”' - Susannah Erwin]

Sara Whitney, a winner in a different category (Best Mid-length Contemporary) of the contest has issued a statement explaining that she is "declining my Vivian award and resigning from the organization" because 

This afternoon’s statement from the RWA Board of Directors was the last straw. Its narrow definition of inspirational romance and discussion of characters seeking redemption from “crimes against humanity" prove the organization has not listened or learned from its current or former members.

---Another edit, with more information about the judging of the competition:

[Courtney Milan retweets a tweet from someone who says they were a judge in the contest, albeit not one of the 13 mentioned: "A third round judge (in other categories) who tweeted about the issues with this book (which she was not judging) states that she was removed from third round judging."]


This suggests that the statement that "RWA staff did not receive any complaints from the thirteen judges who read and scored the entry" is selective and does not provide an indication of how many complaints the RWA staff were aware of from other sources.

---Edited again to include a tweet from Alyssa Day, a former RWA president, 

 ["I am declining the Emma Service award and withdrawing from RWA"]

 

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11 comments:

  1. azteclady02 August, 2021 19:06

    You nailed it.

    The author is using the "but he had no choice, he had to follow orders!" defense. We know, we've known since the Nuremberg trials that such a defense if unadulterated, self-serving bullshit. And since the book was written by a white woman living in the 21st Century, so should the author.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Laura Vivanco02 August, 2021 19:17

    In any case, the protagonist (Matt/Matthew Hanger) is the Captain "of the 7th Cavalry" and obviously he has superiors, but in the Prologue he's the one depicted giving orders:

    "Charge!"
    Matt voiced the shout, then signaled [...] his trumpeter to sound the advance.

    ReplyDelete
  3. azteclady02 August, 2021 19:41

    Even worse, which I didn't think was possible.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Sandra Schwab02 August, 2021 20:06

    Just to add a bit more about the book itself:
    The prologue also strongly implies that the massacre is the victims' own fault because they were not "docile" enough (this the actual word used in the book, "docile", as if these people were sheep). Moreoever, Bible quotations are used in such a way as to give moral justification to the disarmament of the Lakota people.

    In addition, the prologue glosses over the fact that at this point, the male MC has already spent 13 years taking part in the genocide and displacement of Native people - these years are referred to as "thirteen years of Indian fighting" and the whole thing is described as a war. Again, the book provides moral justification for his participation in this "war": he wants to protect white settlers like his family.

    This brings us to something that to me reeks very much of the white settler myth (though I should point out that I only have a fleeting acquaintance with this particular topic): Oh gosh, this nice white family settled on this empty land, and then they were murdered for no reason by those ghastly "Indians". But we know that white settlers often squatted on tribal land (hello Laura Ingalls Wilder!), and we also know that native people were forcefully displaced to make room for white settlers. So *this* is what the hero wants to protect. This is what he means when he talks about "bring[ing] justice and order to the frontier".

    ReplyDelete
  5. azteclady02 August, 2021 20:20

    Yes. The myth is "the West was won" (by armed white people massacring the Indigenous populations already there). As someone replied to me on twitter, the whole "Manifest Destiny" theory is a part of USian identity. Which means many (most) white people still don't see the massacres of Indigenous populations, or the forced relocation of entire Indigenous nations, or the theft and murder of their children (residential schools), as bad things, let alone as a genocide.

    I was not being sarcastic when I said on twitter that it would not be enough to write "a person who participated in genocide cannot be the protagonist of a romance novel" in the award rules, because white people don't consider the extermination of Indigenous people to 'protect' invading settlers genocide.

    I am sure if you ask some of the people writing historicals set in Britain at the time of the Anglo-Indian wars, they'd tell you massacring people in India was also necessary and not at all problematic.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Laura Vivanco02 August, 2021 20:25

    Thank you for that analysis, Sandy! I was too focused on the main event depicted in the prologue and what you've written is really helpful in setting that in context.

    On the topic of Bible verses, I'm really not sure what to make of the verses that appear right at the start of the novel, even before the Prologue:

    The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble.
    And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee.
    -Psalm 9: 9-10

    Who's the reader supposed to think of as "the oppressed"?

    ReplyDelete
  7. Laura Vivanco03 August, 2021 00:11

    The President of the RWA, LaQuette, has now issued a statement which includes the following:

    Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements, as a subgenre of romance, requires a redemptive arc as a genre convention. Essentially, the character can’t be redeemed by human means; only through their spiritual/religious awakening can they find redemption for their moral failings and or crimes against humanity. According to its subgenre conventions, the book in question finaled and won for this category.

    For our inaugural VIVIAN contest, we saw a diverse finalist class. We attribute this to a detailed rubric and required DEIA training implemented to make the contest equitable. As part of that training, VIVIAN judges were instructed (upon reading a contest entry) to report any perceived objectionable or harmful content to staff. RWA staff did not receive any complaints from the thirteen judges who read and scored the entry.

    While encouraged by a diverse inaugural finalist class, we do recognize that we must continually analyze and refine our process to ward against perpetuating harm. We regret any harm experienced by the romance community. Our Vivian Task Force is now charged with assessing the overall effectiveness of the contest to include the contest process, rubric, and entry and judging guidelines.

    Once the review is complete, the task force will provide recommendations on how to improve the contest and identify and manage potentially harmful content at the earliest stages in the contest lifecycle. The Vivian Task Force will be headed by Task Force Chair, Director-at-Large Jackí Renee.

    --
    The statement is not particularly reassuring. After all

    (a) the category is called "Romance with Religious or Spiritual Elements" and, as Courtney Milan pointed out, "not every religion in the world requires a redemptive arc" so this statement seems to suggest there are tacit criteria in place that will strongly favour Christian romances and exclude others, even though they meet the definition provided on RWA's website in the section defining the various categories: "Works in which spiritual beliefs are an inherent part of the love story, character growth or relationship development, and could not be removed without damaging the storyline. These novels may be set in the context of any religious or spiritual belief system of any culture"

    (b) if "RWA staff did not receive any complaints from the thirteen judges who read and scored the entry" that's a lot of judges who found none of the issues detailed above at all problematic.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Laura Vivanco03 August, 2021 00:35

    And (c) does the bit about "only through their spiritual/religious awakening can they [the protagonists] find redemption for their moral failings and or crimes against humanity" mean that "crimes against humanity" are to be considered a common/expected feature of this category?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. azteclady03 August, 2021 04:12

      We had the Nazi kommandant in 2015, we have the Manifest Destiny cavalry murderer in 2021, so I have to say, yeah, it looks like it is.

      Delete
  9. Ali Williams03 August, 2021 06:35

    Worth noting that one of the Vivian judges (though not for this book) has spoken out about the fact that there was no official way to complain baout a book within the rubric.

    https://twitter.com/kitt_masters/status/1422346314788970496?s=19

    ReplyDelete
  10. Laura Vivanco03 August, 2021 09:28

    Thanks Ali! Kitt Masters/Jen Comfort says she was "a judge (though not of that book)" so her comment's a general one about the process for the whole contest. Courtney Austen confirms that this process did affect what she was able to do as "a judge for the category." I'll add another update to the post to include this.

    ReplyDelete